MANETs their Challenges and, Applications along with Routing Protocols Classifications | IJCSE Volume 9 – Issue 5 | IJCSE-V9I5P8

Decentralized wireless networks called Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are made up of mobile nodes that self-organize dynamically without the need for fixed infrastructure. Independent peer-to-peer nodes interact together with other nodes for a specific goal is the foundation of a MANET. Every device in the network plays the same job, and no previous base station or organization is specified. Since the network’s nodes are provided, there are no pre-defined roles like routers or gateways; instead, any device can function as both a node and a router simultaneously. In other words, it exhibits independent behaviour and sporadic nodal connection. Efficient routing in MANETs is a key challenge due to high node mobility, dynamic topologies, limited bandwidth, and energy constraints. This paper presents an overview of MANETs, its challenges, future trends, its applications. It also presents brief review of categorisation of routing protocols in MANETs e.g. proactive, reactive, and hybrid approaches. An alaysis is also being represented to shows the abilities, strength, weakness of the different routing protocols falling under different categories of MANET.

Because of their dynamic and resource-constrained contexts, routing in MANETs is still a difficult issue. Reactive methods lower control burden but add delay, proactive protocols provide low latency but suffer from overhead, and hybrid protocols seek to strike a compromise between the two. Future research is moving toward intelligent, energy-efficient, and secure routing solutions that can support next-generation MANET applications in IoT, VANETs, and emergency communications.

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